Master Types
Below the technical fundamentals of the PROTEGO® flame arresters are summarised. You can find more detailed information under "PROTEGO® Technology" - Volume 1 of the Online-Catalogue.
Flame arresters are subdivided into different types depending upon the combustion process (Endurance burning, Deflagration, Detonation and the various sub-groups) and in accordance to the installation (in-line, end-of-line, in equipment).
Master types are:
a) static dry flame arresters
b) static liquid seal flame arresters
c) dynamic high velocity flame arresters
Flame arresters are subdivided into different types depending upon the combustion process (Endurance burning, Deflagration, Detonation and the various sub-groups) and in accordance to the installation (in-line, end-of-line, in equipment).
Master types are:
a) static dry flame arresters
b) static liquid seal flame arresters
c) dynamic high velocity flame arresters
Working Principle
a) Static dry flame arresters
Flame arrester elements made of wound corrugated metal strips can be manufactured with consistantly reproducible flame quenching gaps. The gap-size can be adjusted in accordance to the flash-back capability of the explosive mixture.
The FLAMEFILTER® is made of wound corrugated metal strips and forms the flame arrester element. The principle of flame quenching in small gaps is applied in PROTEGO® end-of-line flame arresters and PROTEGO® in-line flame arresters.
When a mixture ignites in a gap between two walls, the flame spreads towards the non-combusted mixture. The expansion in volume of the combusted mixture pre-compresses the non-combusted mixture and accelerates the flame.
The flame is extinguished by heat dissipation in the boundary layer “s”, transferring it to the large surface of the gap-length compared to the gap-width “D” and cooling-down the product below its ignition temperature.
The gap width and the gap length of the flame arrester element determines its extinguishing ability.
The narrower and longer the gap, the greater the extinguishing effectiveness. The wider and shorter the gap, the lower the pressure loss. The optimum solution between the two conditions is determined by experiments.
Flame arrester elements made of wound corrugated metal strips can be manufactured with consistantly reproducible flame quenching gaps. The gap-size can be adjusted in accordance to the flash-back capability of the explosive mixture.
The FLAMEFILTER® is made of wound corrugated metal strips and forms the flame arrester element. The principle of flame quenching in small gaps is applied in PROTEGO® end-of-line flame arresters and PROTEGO® in-line flame arresters.
When a mixture ignites in a gap between two walls, the flame spreads towards the non-combusted mixture. The expansion in volume of the combusted mixture pre-compresses the non-combusted mixture and accelerates the flame.
The flame is extinguished by heat dissipation in the boundary layer “s”, transferring it to the large surface of the gap-length compared to the gap-width “D” and cooling-down the product below its ignition temperature.
The gap width and the gap length of the flame arrester element determines its extinguishing ability.
The narrower and longer the gap, the greater the extinguishing effectiveness. The wider and shorter the gap, the lower the pressure loss. The optimum solution between the two conditions is determined by experiments.
Original PROTEGO® Technology
To protect against all of the previously mentioned combustion processes, PROTEGO® developed static dry flame arresters and optimized their design and had them undergo national and international certifications in prototype tests.
All static dry PROTEGO® flame arresters are based on the working principle of FLAMEFILTER®.
To protect against all of the previously mentioned combustion processes, PROTEGO® developed static dry flame arresters and optimized their design and had them undergo national and international certifications in prototype tests.
All static dry PROTEGO® flame arresters are based on the working principle of FLAMEFILTER®.
b) Static liquid seal flame arrester
Liquid seal flame arresters are liquid barriers following the principle of a siphon where the liquid stops the entering deflagration and/or detonation and extinguishes the flame. Two different types exist.
1. The liquid product flame arrester: the liquid product is used to form a liquid seal as a barrier for flame transmission. The PROTEGO® liquid product flame arrester is an in-line or end-ofline detonation flame arrester.
2. The hydraulic flame arrester: it is designed to break the flow of an explosive mixture into discrete bubbles in a water column and thus preventing flame transmission. The PROTEGO® hydraulic flame arrester is designed and certified to stop deflagrations, detonations and endurance burning combustions. It is tailormade with regard to the specific customers requirements.
When installing the PROTEGO® hydraulic flame arrester as inline flame arrester, as vent header collection drum and back flow preventer in vapour collecting lines close to the incinerator, important safety measures have to be taken into consideration to assure the required explosion safety.
Liquid seal flame arresters are liquid barriers following the principle of a siphon where the liquid stops the entering deflagration and/or detonation and extinguishes the flame. Two different types exist.
1. The liquid product flame arrester: the liquid product is used to form a liquid seal as a barrier for flame transmission. The PROTEGO® liquid product flame arrester is an in-line or end-ofline detonation flame arrester.
2. The hydraulic flame arrester: it is designed to break the flow of an explosive mixture into discrete bubbles in a water column and thus preventing flame transmission. The PROTEGO® hydraulic flame arrester is designed and certified to stop deflagrations, detonations and endurance burning combustions. It is tailormade with regard to the specific customers requirements.
When installing the PROTEGO® hydraulic flame arrester as inline flame arrester, as vent header collection drum and back flow preventer in vapour collecting lines close to the incinerator, important safety measures have to be taken into consideration to assure the required explosion safety.
c) Dynamic high velocity flame arrester
High velocity flame arresters are designed to produce flow velocities under operating conditions which exceed the flame velocity of the explosive mixture thus preventing flame transmission. This principle is applied in PROTEGO® Pressure Relief Diaphragm Valves and in PROTEGO® High Velocity Valves with appropriate high set pressure. These valves must be closed before the flow velocity achieves critical values. Safety margins must be included.
Flame arresters are type-examined Protective Systems in accordance with 94/9/EC and are marked with CE. They are tested according to DIN EN 12874 in general. They are certified in accordance with the specific requirements of the standard. Any certification according to other international standards is shown by marking with the appropriate indication.
High velocity flame arresters are designed to produce flow velocities under operating conditions which exceed the flame velocity of the explosive mixture thus preventing flame transmission. This principle is applied in PROTEGO® Pressure Relief Diaphragm Valves and in PROTEGO® High Velocity Valves with appropriate high set pressure. These valves must be closed before the flow velocity achieves critical values. Safety margins must be included.
Flame arresters are type-examined Protective Systems in accordance with 94/9/EC and are marked with CE. They are tested according to DIN EN 12874 in general. They are certified in accordance with the specific requirements of the standard. Any certification according to other international standards is shown by marking with the appropriate indication.
